Russia will require all smartphones, tablets, and similar devices sold in the country to come pre-installed with a mandatory government “super‑app” starting September 1, 2025. The legislation, approved by the State Duma on June 10 and signed by President Putin on June 24, mandates that each new device sold includes the app from day one.The Times
The app, named Max, is a multifunctional platform combining features including messaging, digital ID, e‑signatures, financial services, and access to government platforms like Gosuslugi and Sferum. It is designed to replace physical passports, enable secure transactions, and automatically block suspected scam calls.
Legislators emphasize the move as a step toward Russia’s digital sovereignty, reducing its dependence on foreign tech platforms like WhatsApp or Telegram—both increasingly targeted for potential bans.
Critics, including rights organizations like ARTICLE 19, warn that the mandate limits consumer choice and may facilitate surveillance. Manufacturers will be forced to install the app, and consumers will find it pre-loaded, making alternatives less likely to be used.
The app’s developer must be a Russian-owned company with over 500,000 daily active users. VKontakte (VK), Russia’s state-influenced social network, is the leading candidate selected to build and manage Max. Observers note VK is already compliant with censorship and surveillance laws, adding to concerns over potential privacy violations.
While the bill includes provisions for explicit, separate consent for personal data use, critics argue that in practice, these safeguards may be insufficient in preventing central monitoring of users’ communications, financial activities, location, and usage patterns across services—even after app removal.
Analogies are drawn to China’s WeChat model, as well as India’s Aadhaar system, but Russia’s plan stands out due to its mandatory nature—embedding state surveillance infrastructure by default.
The bill now moves to the Federation Council before final enactment, but its approval appears likely given backing by digital and legislative authorities. Once in force, Russia’s digital ecosystem will effectively begin life with Max installed—marking a major expansion of state control over everyday digital interactions and citizen data.
Key takeaways:
- Mandatory installation of Max on all new devices sold in Russia starts September 1, 2025.
- The app merges digital ID, messaging, payments, and government services.
- VKontakte is likely selected as the developer, fulfilling government requirements.
- Critics warn of reduced freedom, limited consumer choice, and expanded state surveillance.
- Russia positions the move as part of broader digital sovereignty and control agenda.
